Even though I eventually reached this point during the Wednesday,
24 March 1999 lecture, some of you probably didn't get it quite as
smoothly as you (and I) would have liked. So, here is a nice summary.
For Exam #3, you will have to know all the intermediates and at which
steps these processes occur.
Aerobic
Glycolysis in liver/heart muscle: 38 ATP
Glycolysis
Pyruvate to Acetyl coA
Krebs Cycle/ Electron Transport Chain
activation
substrate-level phosphorylation
NADH/H+ to ATP
2 x -1
2 x 2
2 x 3
-2
4
6
NADH/H+ to ATP
2 x 3
6
NADH/H+ to ATP
FADH2 to ATP
GTP to ATP
2 x (3 x 3)
2 x 2
2 x 1
18
4
2
Glycolysis in skeletal muscle: 36 ATP
Glycolysis
Pyruvate to Acetyl coA
Krebs Cycle/ Electron Transport Chain
activation
substrate-level phosphorylation
loss due to glycerol-3- phosphate shuttle
NADH/H+ to ATP
2 x -1
2 x 2
2 x -1
2 x 3
-2
4
-2
6
NADH/H+ to ATP
2 x 3
6
NADH/H+ to ATP
FADH2 to ATP
GTP to ATP
2 x (3 x 3)
2 x 2
2 x 1
18
4
2
Anaerobic
Glycolysis in skeletal muscle, to lactate: 2 ATP
While 2 NADH/H+ are made in glycolysis proper, they are
consumed in the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. Since there is
insufficient O2 available, they cannot be converted to
ATP in the mitochondria.
Glycolysis
activation
substrate-level phosphorylation
2 x -1
2 x 2
-2
4
Glycolysis in bacteria, to ethanol and CO2: 2 ATP
While 2 NADH/H+ are made in glycolysis proper, they are
consumed in the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol. Since bacteria
lack mitochondria and all the Krebs Cycle, electron transport, and
oxidative phosphorylation enzymes, none of these ATP-generating
pathways can be used.