If the entry is a doctoral dissertation or master's thesis, then the author's name is in UNDERSCORED.

Internet Resource:

AKERVIK, Caroline Isabelle. "The Gothic Monster: Exploring Victorian Fin de siècle Fears," Master's Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, 1999.

BLEILER, E. F. "Introduction" to Five Victorian Ghost Novels. 2159

________. "Introduction" to Three Supernatural Novels of the Victorian Period: The Haunted Hotel [Wilkie Collins], The Haunted House at Latchford [Mrs. J. H. Riddell], The Lost Stradivarius [J. Meade Falkner 2160

BLOCK, Ed. "James Sully, Evolutionist Psychology, and Late Victorian Gothic Fiction." 2161

________. Rituals of Disintegration: Romance and Madness in the Victorian Psycho-Mythic Tale. New York: Garland Publishing, 1993.

BOIVIN, Aurélian. "Dossier littéraire: le fantastique; Le conte surnatural au XIX^e siècle." Québec Français 50 (1983): 34-39. [Literary file: The fantastic; the supernatural tale in the 19th century]

BRANDSER, Kristin Joan. "In Contempt: Women, Law and the Victorian novel." Dissertation Abstracts International 62:3 (2001): 1028 (University of Iowa). Explores the practice of feminist jurisprudence in certain nineteenth-century novels by women, as well as in the lives and politics of Victorian women who fought for legal reform to "analyze the ways in which women's narratives worked to dismantle the law's self-authorized claim to "truth," a claim that discounts and silences women's stories and experiences." Texts considered range from legislative reports, trial transcripts, and judicial opinions to Gothic, social-problem, utopian, and New Woman novels by writers such as Mary Wollstonecraft, Frances Trollope, Jane Clapperton, Florence Dixie, George Paston, and Sarah Grand. 

BRANTLINGER, Patrick. "What is ' Sensational ' About the ' Sensation Novel?' " 2162

BROOKS, Peter. "Victorian Gothic" In Melodrama, Ed. Daniel Gerould. New York: New York Literary Forum, 1980: [data

BURT, Daniel Scott. "Melodrama, Sensation, and Suspense in the Victorian Novel." 2164

BYRON, Glennis. "Gothic in the 1890s" In A Companion to the Gothic, ed. David Punter. Oxford, UK & Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 2000: 132-142. Discusses Stevenson, Stoker, Machen, Wilde, Wells, and Richard Marsh, author of The Beetle (1897). "All draw their power from the fears and anxieties attendant upon degeneration, and the horror they explore is the horror prompted by the repeated spectacle of dissolution--the dissolution of the nation, of society, of the human subject itself." Also notes that "the city is now the primary Gothic landscape" and that "the primary figure at the heart of most Victorian fin de siècle texts is the scientist."

CARSE, Wendy Kay. "Domesticity and the Victorian Gothic Short Story: ' Flesh and blood is not made for such encounters.'" Dissertation Abstract International, 53 (1992): 1921A (Tulane University). Studies the Gothicism of Mrs. Oliphant's "The Portrait," Dickens's "The Haunted Man," Gaskell's "Old Nurse's Story," Le Fanu's "Carmilla," and Hardy's "The Fiddler of the Reels." "Focuses on key questions that Victorian Gothic short stories raise when they locate the site of encounters in the home where women denied domestic power are brought into conflict with women wielding authority who become imbued with a disturbing 'unearthiness.' "

DEMOOR, Marysa. "Male Monsters or Monstrous Males in Victorian Women's Fiction" In Exhibited by Candlelight: Sources and Developments in the Gothic Tradition, eds. Valeria Tinkler Viviani, Peter Davidson, Jane Stevenson. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1995: 173-182. Should more accurately be titled monstrous males since analysis includes Mr. Rochester in Jane Eyre, Grandcourt in George Eliot's Daniel Deronda, and Henry Bellingham in Mrs. Gaskell's Ruth. These male monsters "are late, strange projections of the old tale of woman tempted by the devil in disguise who lures her to her own destruction by means of false riches."

DICKERSON, Vanessa D. Victorian Ghosts in the Noontide: Women Writers and the Supernatural. Columbia, MO: Missouri UP, 1996.

DUNAE, Patrick. "Penny Dreadfuls: Late Nineteenth Century Boys' Literature and Crime." 2166

EDWARDS, P. D. Some Mid-Victorian Thrillers: The Sensation Novel, Its Friends and Foes. 2167

ELLIS, S. M. "The Ghost Story and its Exponents." 2168

GILBERT, R. A. "Penny Dreadfuls" In The Handbook to Gothic Literature, Ed. Marie Mulvey-Roberts. New York: New York University Press, 1998: 172. These cheap horror thrillers reached their peak in the 1840s and 1850s with journeyman authors such as G. W. M. Reynolds (Mysteries of London) and Thomas Peckett Prest (Sweeney Todd, The Demon Barber of Fleet Street and Varney the Vampyre). “The Penny Dreadful survived into the 1890s by diluting the excess of blood and horror and adapting itself to a juvenile readership.”

GOSS, Michael. "A Sense of Wonder, A Sense of Fear: Aspects of the Supernatural in Victorian Life and Popular Literature." 2170

HAINING, Peter. "Introduction" to The Gentlewomen of Evil: An Anthology of Rare Supernatural Stories from the Pens of Victorian Ladies. 2171

________. "Introduction" to A Circle of Witches: An Anthology of Victorian Witchcraft Stories. 2172

HUGHES, Winifred. The Maniac in the Cellar: Sensation Novels of the 1860s. 2177

HURLEY, Kelly. "The Novel of the Gothic Body: Deviance, Abjection, and Late Victorian Popular Fiction." 1388

________. " ' The Inner Chambers of All Nameless Sin:' The Beetle, Gothic Female Sexuality and Oriental Barbarism" In Virginal Sexuality and Textuality in Victorian Literature, Ed. Lloyd Davis. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1993: [data Reprinted in Virginal Sexuality and Textuality in Victorian Literature. Boulder, CO: netLibrary, Incorporated, 1999.

IVY, Randolph Woods. "The Victorian Sensation Novel: A Study in Formula Fiction." 2178

JACKSON, Rosemary. "The Silenced Text: Shades of Gothic in Victorian Fiction." 2179

KALIKOFF, Beth. Murder and Moral Decay in Victorian Popular Literature. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1986.

KINCAID, James R. " ' Designing Gourmet Children or, KIDS FOR DINNER!' " In Victorian Gothic: Literary and Cultural Manifestations in the Nineteenth Century. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2000: 1-11.

LOE, Thomas. "The Gothic Strain in the Victorian Novel: Four Studies." 2180

LOESBERG, Jonathan. "The Ideology of Narrative Form in Sensation Fiction." 1391

LUCKHURST, Roger. "Trance-Gothic, 1882-97" In Victorian Gothic: Literary and Cultural Manifestations in the Nineteenth Century, Eds. Ruth Robbins, Julian Wolfreys. New York, NY : Palgrave, 2000: 148-167.

MALCHOW, Howard L. "The Half-Breed as Gothic Unnatural" In The Victorians and Race, Ed. Shearer West. Aldershot, UK: Scholar, 1996: 101-111.

MATTHEWS, James Edward. "Between Two worlds: Ghosts and apparitions in British Fiction, 1835--1885." Dissertation Abstracts International 62:4 (2001): 1420 (Duquesne University). This study examines the figure of the ghost in mid-nineteenth century British fiction. Examples are drawn from the fiction of Amelia B. Edwards, Charlotte Riddell, Dickens, Collins, Le Fanu and others. "Reading these ghost stories against each other, instead of the Gothic novel or the Edwardian ghost story, locates a different set of culturally determined markers that shape this genre. The ghost of Victorian fiction embodies an anxiety, unique to the Victorians, about the ontological status of their own period in history, the first period to confront a sense of profound and rapidly accelerating change towards an uncertain future while retaining a sense of a simpler, more humane past." 

MELANI, Sandro. L'eclissi del consueto: Angeli, demoni e vampiri nell'immaginario vittoriano. Napoli, Italia: Liguori, 1996. [data] Le Fanu's Carmilla.

MEWS, Siegfried. "Sensationalism and Sentimentality: Minor Victorian Prose Writers in Germany." 2210

MIGHALL, Robert. " 'A pestilence which walketh in darkness:' Diagnosing the Victorian Vampire" In Spectral Readings: Towards a Gothic Geography, Eds. Glennis Byron, David Punter. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999: 108-124.

MILBANK, Alison. Daughters of the House: Modes of the Gothic in Victorian Fiction. 1392

________. "From the Sublime to the Uncanny: Victorian Gothic and Sensation Fiction" In Gothick Origins and Innovations, Eds. Victor Sage & Allan Lloyd Smith. Amsterdam; Atlanta, Georgia: Rodopi; Costerus New Series 91, 1994: 169-179. On the influence of early Gothic fiction on Collins's The Woman in White, Le Fanu's Uncle Silas, and other Victorian sensation novels. Suggests that the female Gothic "has a Utopian project, one based on an awareness of the sublime as an empowering aesthetic."

MUSTAFA, Jamil Muhammed. "Mapping the Late Victorian Subject: Psychology, Carotgraphy, and the Gothic Novel." Dissertation Abstracts International 60:6 (1999): 2040 (University of Chicago). Puts forward the theseis that "British Gothic novels of the fin de siècle, together with contemporary works in psychology, anthropology, and politics, depend upon maps and mapmaking to furnish an illusory unity to three vital sites that their authors and readers believed to be on the verge of falling to pieces: the mind, the metropolis, and the Empire." Applies this thesis to the Gothic fiction of Bram Stoker, Robert Louis Stevenson, H. Rider Haggard, and to Charles Booth's treatise, Life and Labour of the People in London (1889) "to demonstrate how maps of the mind and of the asylum combat insanity." Also investigates "the close relationship between the cause of imperial federation and the emerging psychological concept of an imperial identity" by linking H. Rider Haggard's She (1887) to the tracts of the Imperial Federation League.

PRUNGNAUD, Joëlle. "Les suites du gothique au XIX^e" In Roman noir anglais dit gothique, ed. Max Duperray. Paris: Ellipses, 2000: 87-97.

REED, John R. "The Occult in Later Victorian Literature" In Victorian Conventions. 2185

ROBBINS, Ruth & WOLFREYS, Julian. Victorian Gothic: Literary and Cultural Manifestations in the Nineteenth Century. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2000. Contents: "Preface: ' I could a tale unfold ' or, The Promise of Gothic" by Julian WOLFREYS; 1. ' Designing Gourmet Children or, KIDS FOR DINNER!' by James R. KINCAID; 2. "Resurrecting the Regency: Horror and Eighteenth-Century Comedy in Le Fanu's Fiction" by Victor SAGE; 3. " ' I wants to make your flesh creep': Notes Toward a Reading of the Comic-Gothic in Dickens" by Julian WOLFREYS; 4. "Hopkins and the Gothic Body" by R. J. C. WATT; 5. "From King Arthur to Sidonia the Sorceress: The Dual Nature of Pre-Raphaelite Mediaevalism" by J. -A. GEORGE. 6. Mary Elizabeth Coleridge, Literary Influence and Technologies of the Uncanny" by Alison CHAPMAN; 7. "The ' Anxious Dream ': Julia Margaret Cameron's Gothic Perspective" by Marion WYNNE-DAVIES; 8. "Trance-Gothic, 1882-97" by Roger LUCKHURST; 9. " ' Withered, Wrinkled, and Loathsome of Visage ': Reading the Ethics of the Ethics of the Soul and the Late-Victorian Gothic in The Picture of Dorian Gray" by Kenneth WOMACK; 10. "Apparitions Can Be Deceptive: Vernon Lee's Androgynous Spectres" by Ruth ROBBINS; 11. "Gothic and Supernatural: Allegories at Work and Play in Kipling's Indian Fiction" by Peter MOREY; 12. "Archeology and Gothic Desire: Vitality Beyond the Grave in H. Rider Haggard's Ancient Egypt" by Richard PEARSON.

SAUNDERS, Vanessa Dickerson. "Gentle Spirits: Female Writers of the Supernatural." 1397

SCOGGIN, Daniel Paul. "Gothic Capital: Speculation, Specters, and Atonement in the Victorian Novel." Dissertation Abstracts International 59:4 (1998): 1181A (Claremont Graduate University).The first Gothic novelists designed terrifying plots about the disruption of inheritance to express their fears and doubts concerning England's transition from a land based economy to one informed by the seemingly intangible values associated with market speculation. Horace Walpole and Ann Radcliffe shaped the Gothic as a moral reaction to economic prognostication and the subsequent tyranny of debt by generating tales of specters as a providential assessment of the subtle divestment of older monetary sources."

SHERIDAN, Daniel P. "Later Victorian Ghosts: Supernatural Fiction and Social Attitudes, 1870-1900." 2188

________. "Later Victorian Ghost Stories: The Literature of Belief." 2189

SMITH, Elton & Robert HAAS, Eds. The Haunted Mind: The Supernatural in Victorian Literature. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1999.

SPENCER, Kathleen. "Victorian Urban Gothic: The First Modern Fantastic Literature" In Intersections: Fantasy and Science Fiction. 1399

SPRINGHALL, John. "Victorian Video Nasties." 1400

STERN, Rebecca F. "Gothic Light: Vision and Visibility in the Victorian Novel." South Central Review: The Journal of the South Central Modern Language Association 11:4 (1994): 26-39.

SULLIVAN, Jack. "Introduction" to Elegant Nightmares: The English Ghost Story from Le Fanu to Blackwood. 2190

SUMMERS, Montague. "Introduction" to The Supernatural Omnibus. 2191

SUMMY, Melisa Ann. "The Empire Bites Back: Abjection in the Late Victorian Gothic novel." Master's Thesis, Miami University, 2001.

TAYLOR, U. "The Supernatural in Nineteenth Century Fiction." 2193

TRANSUE, Harriet. "The Sensation Years: The Literary Character of England in the 1860s." 2194

WAMELING, Grete. "Geisterhaftes und okkultisches in der englischen erzählerkunst von 1880-1890." 2196

WHELAN, Lara Baker. 'Dying of one's neighbours': Constructions of Suburban Anxieties in British literature, 1850--1880." Dissertation Abstracts International 60:11 (2000): 4024 (University of Delaware). "Investigates how the Gothic tradition of the earlier part of the century merges into the concerns of sensation fiction at mid- to late-century, centering on the question of middle-class identity." Claims that the use of the suburban ideal as an effective or realistic way of marking class boundaries was "an obvious failure" since the attempt to create an exclusively middle-class space in the suburbs did not work.

WILT, Judith. "Imperial Month: Imperialism, the Gothic, and Science Fiction." 2226

WOLFREYS, Julian. Victorian Hauntings: Spectrality, Gothic, the Uncanny and Literature. New York: Palgrave, 2002. Two of the five chapters connect George Eliot and Alfred Lord Tennyson with the Gothic tradition by way of their use of the spectral and the uncanny. With obligatory obeisance to Derrida in the Preface, the book traces "the spectralization of the gothic" in these two writers plus Dickens's Little Dorrit and other works and Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge "to understand how that which haunts the gothic as genre returns after the demise of the gothic as a vital literary form, as a number of apparitional traces and fragments in discourses of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. . . . The gothic can no longer be figured from the 1820s onwards, as a single, identifiable corpus." The chapters are: 1. ' I wants to make your flesh creep ': Dickens and the Comic-Gothic. 2. Tennyson's Faith: In Memoriam A. H. H. 3. Phantom Optics: George Eliot's The Lifted Veil. 4. Little Dorrit's ' land of fragments.' 5. ' The persistence of the unforeseen ': The Mayor of Casterbridge. Afterword: Prosopopoeia or, Witnessing. Notes and Index, but no general bibliography.

ASHLEY, Mike. "BRADDON, M(ary) E(lizabeth)" In St. James Guide to Horror, Ghost, & Gothic Writers, Ed. David Pringle. Detroit: St. James Press/Gale, 1998: 80-83.

BRIGANTI, Chiara. "Gothic Maidens and Sensation Women: Lady Audley's Journey from the Ruined Mansion to the Madhouse." 1381

HUGHES, Winifred. "The Wickedness of Woman: M. E. Braddon and Mrs. Henry Wood" In The Maniac in the Cellar: Sensation Novels of the 1860s. 2177

NYBERG, Benjamin Matthew. "The Novels of Mary Elizabeth Braddon (1837-1915): A Reappraisal of the Author of Lady Audley's Secret." 2184

SCHROEDER, Natalie. "Feminine Sensationalism, Eroticism, and Self-Assertion: M. E. Braddon and Ouida." 1398

SUMMERS, Montague. "Miss Braddon." 2192

TILLEY, Elizabeth. "Gender and Role Playing in Lady Audley's Secret" In Exhibited by Candlelight: Sources and Developments in the Gothic Tradition, eds. Valeria Tinkler Villani, Peter Davidson, Jane Stevenson. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1995: 97-204. Compares the sensation novelist Mary Elizabeth Braddon and Wilkie Collins. "Lady Audley's competing roles--angel, demon, Gothic villain, rational woman, Gothic victim--demand the creation of separate identities. The ambiguity of the text's morality , the confusion of roles and genres point out an ultimate dissatisfaction.

UNSIGNED. "Miss Braddon: The Writer and Her Work." 2183

WYNNE-DAVIES, Marion. "The ' Anxious Dream ': Julia Margaret Cameron's Gothic Perspective" In Victorian Gothic: Literary and Cultural Manifestations in the Nineteenth Century. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2000: 129-147.  

CHAPMAN, Alison. "Mary Elizabeth Coleridge, Literary Influence and Technologies of the Uncanny" In Victorian Gothic: Literary and Cultural Manifestations in the Nineteenth Century. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2000: 109-128. 

STABLEFORD, Brian. "FALKNER, J(ohn) Meade" In St. James Guide to Horror, Ghost, & Gothic Writers, Ed. David Pringle. Detroit: St. James Press/Gale, 1998: 215-216.

ASHLEY, Michael. "Introduction " to Mrs. Gaskell's Tales of Mystery and Horror. 0777

KRANTZLER, Laura. Introduction to Gothic Tales. New York: Penguin Books, 2000: xi-xxxii. Contains "The Old Nurse's Story," "The Squire's Story," "The Poor Clare," "The Doom of the Griffiths," "Lois the Witch," "The Crooked Branch," "Curious, If True," and "The Grey Woman." The introduction "indicates Gaskell's playful exploration not just of the supernatural, but of other Gothic themes and motifs such as the doubled identity, the discovered manuscript, and the conflict with history and forms of authority." Has endnotes on each story and an appendix, the "Chips" article in Household Words, 21 June 1851.

REDDY, Maureen. "Female Sexuality in ' The Poor Clare:' The Demon in the House." 1395

SHELSTON, Alan. "The Supernatural in the Stories of Elizabeth Gaskell" In Exhibited by Candlelight: Sources and Developments in the Gothic Tradition, Eds. Valeria Tinkler Viviani, Peter Davidson, Jane Stevenson. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1995: 137-146. Discusses "The Old Nurse's Story" and "The Poor Clare" among other Gothic pieces. "Gothic fiction, supernatural fiction, is devised to threaten the reader's sense of the normal."

SUCKSMITH, Harvey. "Mrs. Gaskell's Mary Barton and William Mudford's ' The Iron Shroud.' " 1287

ASHLEY, Mike. "HUNT, (Isobel) Violet" In St. James Guide to Horror, Ghost, & Gothic Writers, Ed. David Pringle. Detroit: St. James Press/Gale, 1998: 285-287.

SECOR, Marie & Robert SECOR. "Violet Hunt's Tales of the Uneasy: Ghost Stories of a Worldly Woman." 2186

BLEILER, E. F. "Introduction" to Ghost Stories of an Antiquary. 1188

COX, J. Randolph. "Montague Rhodes James: An Annotated Bibliography of Writings About Him." 1189

________. "Ghostly Antiquary: The Stories of Montague Rhodes James." 1190

________. "Introduction" to The Ghost Stories of M. R. James. 0784

COX, Michael. "Introduction" to M. R. James. 'Casting the Runes' and Other Ghost Stories. Oxford & New York: Oxford UP, 1999: xi-xxx. Links James's ghostly short fiction to the sensation school. "James's object in writing ghost stories was ' to give pleasure of a certain sort.' The sexlessness of James's fiction reflects a social structure that faces neither disruption nor tension. His characters move through an unthreatened world--until, that is, ' the ominous thing ' puts out its head."

FIELDING, Penny. "Reading Rooms: M. R. James and the Library of Modernity." Modern Fiction Studies 46:3 (2000): 749-771.

HAINING, Peter. The M. R. James Book of the Supernatural. 1192

HUGHES, William. "James, Montague Rhodes (1862-1936)" In The Handbook to Gothic Literature, Ed. Marie Mulvey-Roberts. New York: New York University Press, 1998: 143-144. In his numerous and finely wrought ghost stories, James's characters (many of these gentleman scholars) "find their former reliance on materialism somewhat shaken" by the insistent presence of the occult and the supernatural.

LANGFORD, David. "JAMES, M(Montague) R(hodes)" In St. James Guide to Horror, Ghost, & Gothic Writers, Ed. David Pringle. Detroit: St. James Press/Gale, 1998: 301-303.

LUBBOCK, Samuel Guerney. A Memoir of Montague Rhodes James. With a list of his writings by A. L. Scholfield. 1193

MICHAELSKI, Robert . "The Malice of Inanimate Objects: Exchange in M.R. James's Ghost Stories." Extrapolation 37:1 (1996): 46-62.

RUSSELL, Samuel D. "Irony and Horror: The Art of M. R. James. 1194 

ROBBINS, Ruth. "Apparitions Can Be Deceptive: Vernon Lee's Androgynous Spectres" In Victorian Gothic: Literary and Cultural Manifestations in the Nineteenth Century. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2000: 182-200.

GRAY, Margaret K. "Introduction" to Margaret Oliphant: Selected Stories of the Supernatural. 791

STABLEFORD, Brian. "OLIPHANT, Mrs. (Margaret)" In St. James Guide to Horror, Ghost, & Gothic Writers, Ed. David Pringle. Detroit: St. James Press/Gale, 1998: 439-443.

ASHLEY, Mike. "PREST, Thomas Peckett" In St. James Guide to Horror, Ghost, & Gothic Writers, Ed. David Pringle. Detroit: St. James Press/Gale, 1998: 459-461.

BLEILER, E. F. "Introduction" to Varney the Vampyre; or, The Feast of Blood. 1163

ROBERTS, Bette B. "Varney, the Vampyre, or, Rather, Varney the Victim." 0677

VARMA, Devendra P. "Introduction" to Varney the Vampyre; or, The Feast of Blood. 1164

WILSON, John James. "Penny Dreadfuls and Penny Bloods." 0678

BLEILER, E. F. "Introduction" to Wagner the Wehrwolf. 2361

________. "G. W. M. Reynolds" In Supernatural Fiction Writers. 0779

MAXWELL, Richard C. Jr. "G. W. M. Reynolds, Dickens, and The Mysteries of London." 2181

MORGAN, Chris. "REYNOLDS, G(eorge) W(illiam) M(acarthur)" In St. James Guide to Horror, Ghost, & Gothic Writers, Ed. David Pringle. Detroit: St. James Press/Gale, 1998: 473-474.

BURT, Daniel. A Victorian Gothic: G. W. M. Reynolds' Mysteries of London." 2165

ASHLEY, Mike. "RIDDELL, Mrs. J. H." In St. James Guide to Horror, Ghost, & Gothic Writers, Ed. David Pringle. Detroit: St. James Press/Gale, 1998: 478-480.